The dataset comprises a series of X-ray images (DICOM format) and corresponding scoring files (EXCEL format) of paired hand and foot joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis. These data provide critical insights into the erosive and narrowing changes associated with the condition. By leveraging this dataset, researchers can evaluate treatment effectiveness, develop disability prevention strategies, create automated scoring tools, accelerate new drug development, and optimize resource allocation for arthritis prevention and control. This comprehensive dataset aims to advance research and improve patient outcomes in the field of rheumatoid arthritis.